Thunderstorm environments in Europe

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract. Meteorological environments favorable for thunderstorms are studied across Europe, including rare thunderstorm conditions from seasons with climatologically few thunderstorms. Using cluster analysis on ERA5 reanalysis data and EUCLID (European Cooperation Lightning Detection) lightning data, two major found: wind-field thunderstorms, characterized by increased wind speeds, high shear, strong large-scale vertical velocities, low CAPE values compared to other in the same region, mass-field large values, dew point temperatures, elevated isotherm heights. Wind-field occur mainly winter more over seas, while frequently summer European mainland. Several sub-environments of these exist. Principal component is used identify four topographically distinct regions Europe that share similar characteristics: Mediterranean, Alpine–central, continental, coastal regions, respectively. Based results it possible differentiate different coarse without a static threshold or seasonal criterion.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Weather and climate dynamics

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2698-4016']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-489-2023